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CUCM Release 6.0 is a complete hardware and software solution that works as a network
appliance. A network appliance is a closed system that supports only Cisco-authorized
applications and utilities. Goals of the appliance model are to simplify the installation and
upgrade of the system and to hide the underlying operating system. An appliance-based
model makes it possible for an administrator to install, implement, and manage a CUCM
server without requiring knowledge of or having access to the underlying operating system.
IP IP
IP Phone A IP Phone B
CUCM
Signaling Protocol
(SCCP/SIP)
Signaling Protocol
(SCCP/SIP)
Media Exchange-
Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP)
12 Chapter 1: Cisco Unified Communications Manager Architecture
The CUCM appliance has these features:
■ Complete hardware and software solution.
CUCM servers are preinstalled with all software that is required to operate, maintain,
secure, and manage a server or cluster of servers (including Cisco Security Agent).
CUCM is also provided as a software-only product, which may be installed on
supported Cisco Media Convergence Servers (MCS) or Cisco-approved third-party
server platforms.
■ Appliance operating system provides ease of installation and upgrade, while also
providing security and reliability.
■ You can upgrade CUCM servers while they continue to process calls.
■ System administration is performed via graphical user interface (GUI), command-line
interface (CLI), and through documented APIs for third-party access.
■ Outputs a variety of management parameters via a published interface to provide
information to approved management applications, such as NetIQ Vivinet Manager,
HP OpenView, and Integrated Research PROGNOSIS.
■ Appliance operates with or without keyboard, mouse, and monitor (also known as
headed or headless). Third-party access is allowed via documented APIs only.
■ CUCM supports clustering of servers for the purpose of redundancy and load sharing.
Database redundancy is provided by sharing a common database across multiple
servers. Call-processing redundancy is achieved through the Call Manager Group
setting, in which multiple servers are assigned to a device for the purposes of providing
fault tolerance.
A CUCM cluster can have up to 20 servers in it. Only one publisher server is allowed in the
cluster. The publisher houses the read/write copy of the database. Up to eight subscriber
servers can be in the cluster, with the restriction that only four of the subscriber servers can
perform active call processing. If more than four subscriber servers are used in a cluster, the
additional servers are dedicated standby servers in case the active subscriber server is not
available. The other 11 servers in the cluster can be responsible for various services,
including TFTP and media resources (conferencing, music on hold, transcoding).
CUCM Overview 13
CUCM Cluster
Clustering allows the network to scale to several thousands of endpoints, provides
redundancy in case of network or server failure, and provides a central point of administration.
Figure 1-5 displays a Publisher database synchronizing database components to all the
other servers in the cluster. The servers running the CCM.exe process are performing call
processing, and the other servers are taking on special roles described in later chapters of
this book. CUCM clustering creates scalability by segregating processes to other machines,
which increases performance.
Figure 1-5 CUCM Cluster
Device settings are stored in the IBM IDS database. The database is the repository for
service parameters, features, device configurations, and dial plan configurations.
The database replicates nearly all configuration information in a hub-and-spoke topology
(one publisher, many subscribers). CUCM nodes also use a second communication method
to replicate runtime data using a mesh topology. (Every node updates every other node.)
A mesh topology of information sharing provides dynamic registration and active call
information that changes much more frequently than database changes. Real-time mesh
replication is used to communicate newly registered phones, gateways, and digital signal
processor (DSP) resources, guaranteeing optimum call routing.
CTI Manager Music On Hold
TFTP Server
Informix Dynamic Server (IDS)
Informix Dynamic
Server (IDS) Replication
ICCS
Conferencing
Call Processing Servers
Subscribers
IDS IDS
IDS IDS
IDS
ccm.exe
IDS
ccm.exe
IDS
ccm.exe
IDS
ccm.exe
Publisher
IDS
14 Chapter 1: Cisco Unified Communications Manager Architecture
Cisco 7800 Series Media Convergence Servers
Although it is possible for CUCM to run on most computers, Cisco supports CUCM
running only on Cisco-approved hardware that they will support. The minimum hardware
requirements for CUCM Release 6.0 are as follows:
■ 2-GHz processor
■ 2 GB RAM
■ 72-GB hard disk
Minimum requirements for CUCM 6 are the same as for Cisco Unified CallManager
Version 5, but only specific MCS models are approved.
The 7800 series servers are available in the –H or –I variants. –H stands for Hewlett-Packard,
and –I stands for IBM server platforms. The 7825 server is a 19-inch or 23-inch rackmountable
server that provides a single SATA hard drive and one power supply. The 7835
server improves reliability and performance by including hot-swappable SCSI hard drives,
hardware RAID 1 disc duplexing, and redundant power supplies. The 7845 improves
reliability and performance by providing a second CPU and a backup fan assembly.
You can find the most detailed, current Cisco hardware specifications at
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/voiceapp/ps378/
prod_brochure0900aecd8062a4f9.html.
CUCM must be installed on a server that meets Cisco configuration standards. Cisco actively
collaborates with two server hardware manufacturers to meet this requirement: Hewlett-
Packard (HP) and IBM. You can find additional information at the following sites:
■ Cisco-approved IBM server solutions: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/
voiceapp/ps378/prod_brochure0900aecd80091615.html
■ Cisco-approved HP server solutions: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/
voiceapp/ps378/prod_brochure09186a0080107d79.html
Cisco UC Operating System
The CUCM operating system is based on Red Hat Linux. Operating system and application
updates are provided by Cisco through patches that are digitally signed by Cisco. Unsupported
software and applications (not digitally signed by Cisco) cannot be uploaded or
installed into the system.
Root access to the file system is not permitted. The operating system has been hardened by
disabling all unnecessary accounts and services. There is also no access to native operating
CUCM Overview 15
system debug interfaces. Traces, alarms, and performance counters can be enabled and
monitored through the CUCM GUI. Some files and directories are accessible through the
Cisco CLI and GUI for maintenance purposes.
Remote-access support allows Cisco Technical Assistance Center (TAC) engineers to
remotely access the CUCM server for a restricted time interval. Remote-access support can
be enabled in CUCM serviceability tools.
The IBM IDS is the database for the Cisco UC applications. The IDS database installation
and configuration is scripted into the CUCM installation DVDs. No UNIX or IBM IDS
database knowledge is required to configure and operate CUCM.
Cisco Secure Agent is included with the appliance to provide protection against known and
unknown attacks. Cisco Secure Agent is a host-based intrusion prevention system (HIPS).
A DHCP server is integrated into CUCM to provide IP telephony devices with their IP
addressing requirements.
The Cisco UC operating system is also used for these Cisco UC applications:
■ Cisco Emergency Responder 2.0
■ Unity Connection 2.0
■ Cisco Unified Presence 6.0
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